In 2009, America's Trafficking in Persons Report, published by the State Department, downgraded Hong Kong from its Tier 1 status (fully compliant with the US trafficking legislation's minimum standards for prohibiting, punishing and eliminating severe forms of trafficking) to Tier 2 (not fully compliant, but making significant efforts), and the 2013 report, issued last June, reconfirmed that grading.
The latest report, moreover, described Hong Kong as a destination and transit territory for people "subjected to sex trafficking and forced labour", and Luis CdeBaca, who heads the department's human trafficking office, has pointed to recent cases of domestic helper abuse, as evidencing forced labour.
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