Gangs Enter New Territory With Sex Trafficking : NPR

http://www.npr.org/2011/11/14/142300731/gangs-enter-new-territory-with-sex-trafficking?ft=1&f=2

by Carrie Johnson

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A placard featuring the photo of a child sits on a table during a conference on human sex trafficking last month in Atlanta. In Fairfax County, Va., gang members who have forced girls as young as 12 into prostitution are being sent to prison. Prosecutors there expect to bring more sex trafficking cases against gang members over the next several months.

November 14, 2011

The MS-13 gang got its start among immigrants from El Salvador in the 1980s. Since then, the gang has built operations in 42 states, mostly out West and in the Northeastern United States, where members typically deal in drugs and weapons.

But in Fairfax County, Va., one of the wealthiest places in the country, authorities have brought five cases in the past year that focus on gang members who have pushed women, sometimes very young women, into prostitution.

"We all know that human trafficking is an issue around the world," says Neil MacBride, the top federal prosecutor in the area. "We hear about child brothels in Thailand and brick kilns in India, but it's something that's in our own backyard, and in the last year we've seen street gangs starting to move into sex trafficking."

Enlarge Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

Weapons and paraphernalia from gangs are displayed during a news conference in 2006. Authorities in Fairfax, Va., have brought five prostitution cases in the past year against gangs. One member of the MS-13 gang was recently sentenced to life in prison for sex trafficking.

In Virginia, at least, the consequences can be severe. Over the past few weeks, one member of MS-13 nicknamed "Sniper" got sent to prison for the rest of his life. Another will spend 24 years behind bars for compelling two teenage girls to sell themselves for money.

Usually, investigators say, gang members charge between $30 and $50 a visit, and the girls are forced into prostitution 10 to 15 times a day.

It's easy money for MS-13 — thousands of dollars in a weekend, with virtually no costs. Except for alcohol and drugs to try to keep the girls off-kilter.

Often, the activity takes place at construction sites, in the parking lots of convenience stores and gas stations.

"Yeah, this last case we worked, the victim was 12 years old," says John Torres, who leads the Homeland Security Investigations unit at the Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in Washington.

He says the girl, a runaway, approached MS-13 gang members at a Halloween party. She was looking for a place to stay. Within hours, she was forced to work as a prostitute.

"You have a gang that's taking advantage of people that are in a desperate situation, usually runaways or someone that's looking for help from the gang," Torres says.

Joshua Skule, who oversees the violent crime branch of the criminal division at the FBI's field office in Washington, lists some reasons for street gangs' move into sex trafficking.

"It is not like moving, or as risky as moving narcotics. It is not as risky as extorting business owners," he says. "And these victims really have no way out."

Skule says they're like modern indentured servants. The 12-year-old girl involved in one of the recent sex trafficking cases is safe now, authorities say. But she'll be dealing with the physical and emotional scars for many years.

"When someone leaves, there's a lot of shame and guilt associated with the time they were there," says Victoria Hougham, a social worker who helps victims and survivors of sex trafficking.

"They may have physical injuries which can impact, especially for young women, their sexual and reproductive health."

Hougham works with Polaris Project, a nonprofit that runs a 24-hour hot line that helps connect victims of human trafficking with police or social services. She says survivors of that kind of abuse do best when they reconnect with their families and get support from law enforcement.

Prosecutors in Virginia say they expect to bring more sex trafficking cases against gang members over the next several months.

Sex Trafficking In The U.S.

The U.S. first outlawed trafficking of people during the Civil War. Today, all 50 states prohibit prostitution under state and local laws. But in fiscal year 2009, government-funded programs identified more than 700 potential foreign trafficking victims, in addition to 1,000 potential American trafficking victims. Along with 27 other nations, the U.S. listed itself in the top tier of compliance in the latest report, but notes that the U.S. is "a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to trafficking". Here are a few figures.

22: Prosecutions of sex trafficking cases (2009)

18: Percent of sex trafficking victims (all women) of all foreign adult trafficking cases (2009)

38: Percent of sex trafficking victims (16 percent boys) of all foreign child trafficking cases (2009)

206: Males under 18 arrested for prostitution or commercialized vice (2008)

643: Females under 18 arrested for prostitution or commercialized vice (2008)

12,133: Males arrested for prostitution offenses (2008)

26: Arrests, indictments and convictions of U.S. citizens involved in child sex tourism (2009)

—Tasnim Shamma, NPR

Source: Trafficking in Persons Report 2010

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Human Trafficking And The Terrible 'Price Of Sex' June 23, 2011

Trafficked Teen Girls Describe Life In 'The Game' Dec. 6, 2010

Black Girls and Modern-Day Slavery

Monday, April 12, 2010

The sexual trafficking of our young females is happening at an alarming rate. Who will free them?

* By: Salamishah Tillet | Posted: April 10, 2010 at 7:52 AM

Getty Images [Trafficking Monitor: Click on URL at the end of article to view image.]

This Saturday, mogul Russell Simmons and civil rights leader Al Sharpton are expected to deliver speeches at the "Stop the Violence" rally in Trenton, N.J. This rally is a direct response to the revolting news that seven men, ranging in age from 13 to 20 years old sexually assaulted a 7-year-old girl in Trenton's Rowan Towers apartment complex last weekend.

According to the police reports, the girl attended a party with her 15-year-old stepsister, who then sold herself and her younger sister to a group of men for an undisclosed amount of money. While the proverbial Bush-speak of "shock and awe" come to mind, this alleged incident is yet another stark reminder that the sex trafficking of younger and younger African-American girls is not only on the rise in the United States, but is fast becoming the forgotten slavery of our times.

The Trenton case should not be seen as an isolated incident of either gang violence or child prostitution. This month's Heart and Soul magazine, "The State of Our Girls" report opens with two stories about African-American girls, ages 15 and 13, who were prostituted by their mothers. This past November, newspaper headlines across the country reported that the body of Shaniya Davis, a 5-year-old girl, whose mother allegedly sold her into sexual slavery in order to pay off a drug debt, was found alongside a North Carolina highway. Within a week of Shaniya's disappearance, police arrested Mario Andrette McNeill for first-degree kidnapping, and charged her mother, Antoinette Nicole Davis, with human trafficking and felony child abuse involving prostitution.

There is scant attention paid to the growing numbers of young black girls being kidnapped and sold into sexual slavery, in places such as Atlanta, D.C, Chicago and Los Angeles, with large African-American populations. "Atlanta, for a variety of reasons, has become a hub of child prostitution and other forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children," writes Bob Herbert of the New York Times. "In Atlanta--a thriving hotel and convention center with a sophisticated airport and ground transportation network--pimps and other lowlifes have tapped into that market big time."

According to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), nearly 800,000 children under the age of 18 are reported missing each year in the United States. Of that number, 33 percent are African-American. Even more frighteningly, in 2008, half of reported missing children in New York City were black, 60 percent of missing black children were female, and most of the girls were between 13 and 15. With the rare exception of high-profile cases, such as Shaniya Davis' or the Rowan Towers incident, the unprecedented number of African-American girls who disappear from their classrooms, communities and churches, only to end up exploited in strip clubs, pornography websites or Craigslist ads remain uncounted. Invisible. Forgotten.

More often than not, these missing girls become sexual commodities in a tightly woven network of buyers and sellers. According to Jody Raphael, author of Listening to Olivia: Violence, Poverty, and Prostitution: "Some of these missing girls are 'put out' by a mother or a brother as a way to make money for the family. Some run away from an abusive home, only to be preyed upon by 'recruiters.' "

Raphael continues: "Once in this network, the girls, like their enslaved antebellum ancestors, have few options for escape. Under the persistent threat of violence from their owners or 'pimps,' no home to which to return and permanently isolated from shelters and social services agencies, these girls spend their days servicing more and more 'customers' as they get older.Here, I am reminded of Harriet Jacobs' famous 'Incidents in the Life of Slave Girl,' in which she wrote, 'But I now entered on my fifteenth year--a sad epoch in the life of a slave girl. My master began to whisper foul words in my ear. Young as I was, I could not remain ignorant of their import.'"

For many Americans, the words "sex trafficking of young girls" only conjures up images of the illegal trade of young females from Eastern Europe, Cambodia and Thailand. Likewise, within the confines of the U.S. borders, law enforcement officials primarily treat sexual trafficking as an immigration issue. As a result, there is a de-emphasis on the rising epidemic of U.S. domestic-born girls who are trafficked. But even more astonishingly, in both the international and national anti-trafficking movements, black girls who are victims of child prostitution are invisible.

Aishah Shahidah Simmons, producer of the award-winning documentary "NO!," says "There is a deafening silence because we do not think that the face of girls who are trafficked are black, which I believe is directly related to the sobering reality that black girls' lives are not valued or considered worthy enough to protect or rescue." Simmons says she is not surprised that even in the international sphere, rescuing and saving black women and girls who are trafficked is absent from most news coverage, films and conversations on addressing and ending trafficking. "For instance, Nigeria is the main country of origin for women and girls who are sold into prostitution in Italy," she says, "and yet most folks solely think about Eastern European and Asian women and girls who are trafficked." The end result is that black girls, in and outside the United States, who are sold into sexual slavery are endangered and abandoned.

Coupled with a deafening silence about domestic sexual trafficking and cultural stigmas about childhood sexual violence within our communities and churches, these girls become casualities of war, with the traffickers emerging as the victors. To end the trafficking of young black girls, we must have initiatives that name the crime as such. This movement, according to Simmons, requires that "mainstream media, many human rights organizations who work on trafficking of women, and Hollywood," include the saving black girls within their missions.

Moreover, this movement shouldn't only feature black male leaders, such as Rev. Al Sharpton and Russell Simmons, who can take back the neighborhood under the mantle of black male protection. That only answers part of the problem. We must also have a cross-gender, multigenerational movement to abolish sexual slavery that prevents young girls (and boys) from becoming potential victims and perpetrators of sexual violence.

Granted, we must understand that the raping and selling of black girls is connected to a myriad of social issues, such as gang activity, the illegal drug trade, failed child protective services and rising unemployment. But, we must place the sexual trafficking of African-American girls at the forefront of our conversations about social justice, our legislations and public policies, and our demands for racial and gender equality.

To not do so, means that we idly sit by, while thousands upon thousands of black girls are sold into another peculiar institution of slavery.
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*Salamishah Tillet is an assistant professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania and co-founder of the non-profit organization, A Long Walk Home, Inc., which uses art therapy and the visual and performing arts to document and to end sexual violence against underserved women and children.


Black Girls and Modern-Day Slavery