Slavery and human trafficking aided by 'porous borders' - BBC News

Slavery and human trafficking aided by 'porous borders' - BBC News:

Pilot scheme trains airline and airport crew to better spot human trafficking

Source: the journal.ie

IRISH AIRLINE CREW, airport ground staff, port staff and other transport workers are to be offered training to spot victims of trafficking and offer them an escape from pimps and traffickers under a pilot project being developed by the Immigrant Council of Ireland (IMCI).

http://www.thejournal.ie/human-trafficking-ireland-airport-staff-training-1159710-Nov2013/

Irish companies can now be prosecuted for forced labour | Business & Human Rights in Ireland

http://businesshumanrightsireland.wordpress.com/2013/07/03/irish-companies-can-now-be-prosecuted-for-forced-labour/

SOURCE: Business & Human Rights in Ireland

July 3, 2013 · by Shane Darcy · Bookmark the permalink. ·

New legislation aimed at addressing forced labour in Ireland has been introduced. The Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) Amendment Bill 2013 closes a loophole in the 2008 Act concerning forced labour. The definition of “labour exploitation” has been revised to explicitly include a more detailed explanation of forced labour. This is defined as:

a work or service which is exacted from a person under the menace of any penalty and for which the person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily

In line with International Labour Organization understandings of forced labour, this does not cover work of a purely military character under compulsory military service, minor compulsory community service, work or service as a consequence of a conviction, and emergency work.

Under this legislation, both companies and individuals can be prosecuted for trafficking and forced labour. The Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) Act 2008 provides that:

Where an offence under this Act is committed by a body corporate and is proved to have been so committed with the consent or connivance of or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of any person, being a director, manager, secretary or other officer of the body corporate, or a person who was purporting to act in such capacity, that person shall, as well as the body corporate, be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished as if he or she were guilty of the first-mentioned offence.

Like the anti-trafficking law as a whole, this provision has not been used sufficiently in this context. If it was it would certainly send a message to businesses to take the necessary precautions to avoid using forced labour.

Another interesting legal innovation of the legislation, is that it allows for the Irish courts to exercise jurisdiction over offences committed outside of Ireland. This can be done where such crimes have been committed by Irish citizens or persons ordinarily resident or against Irish citizens overseas. Section 7 of the 2008 Act defines persons ordinarily resident so as to include companies registered under the Companies Act or established under the law of the State.

The door is open therefore for Irish companies to be prosecuted for trafficking and forced labour at home and abroad. We have already had the example of the exploitation of mushroom pickers in Ireland, and it is not inconceivable that Irish companies operating overseas might also become complicit in the use of forced labour. Nicholas McGeehan stated at a conference in NUI Galway in 2011, that Irish construction companies working in Qatar for World Cup 2022:

cannot avoid being implicated in projects that use slave labour. There is no doubt about that.

The Migrant Rights Centre of Ireland and the Irish Congress of Trade Unions had been urging for this recent legislative revision for some time. The new laws highlight the continuing problem of forced labour, and are also aimed at addressing forced begging. When discussing the new law in the Dail, Minister of Justice Alan Shatter stated that ”We must use all the tools and resources at our disposal to prevent and combat human trafficking, prosecute the perpetrators and protect its victims”. Prosecutions of individuals and of companies especially would have an important deterrent effect here, as well as providing justice for victims of these crimes.

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Children subjected to prostitution in Dublin, Cork and Kilkenny – report · TheJournal.ie

http://www.thejournal.ie/children-subjected-to-prostitution-in-dublin-cork-and-kilkenny-report-494064-Jun2012/

Source: TheJournal.ie 

File photo

Image: Paul Barker/PA Archive/Press Association Images

THE US STATE Department’s annual report into human trafficking worldwide has said it has received reports of children being subjected to prostitution in areas such as Dublin, Cork and Kilkenny.

Though the report, which was published yesterday, showed that Ireland was one of only 33 out of a total of 185 countries to have complied fully with laws in place to end human trafficking – making it a ‘tier one’ country – there was some dissatisfaction raised with the implementation of anti-trafficking laws in this country.

Writing for TheJournal.ie today, human trafficking campaigner David Lohan says there needs to be more awareness within Irish communities of the issue of human trafficking and a more deeper understanding of how it affects people.

“Awareness is a key element in tackling this, and other, abuses perpetrated against the person,” he says. “However, awareness cannot be premised on misunderstandings. It demands real understanding of what is done by traffickers, why it is done and how they benefit.”

The State Department’s Trafficking in Persons Report found that while Ireland was rated as a tier one country there were instances where women from Estonia and Hungary were trafficked to Ireland for the purposes of prostitution.

Most significantly it cited reports from non-governmental organisation (NGO) experts who said that children are being subjected to prostitution in places such as Dublin, Cork and Kilkenny.

It noted that the State has yet to fully prosecute and convict any trafficking offenders as defined by the 2008 anti-human trafficking legislation but it said that the government “complies with all minimum standards of elimination of trafficking”.

The legislation, introduced by former Justice Minister Michael McDowell and which came into force in June 2008, created separate offences including trafficking in children for the purpose of labour or sexual exploitation.

The report urged Ireland to “vigorously implement” the law as well as consider drafting an amendment to criminalise forced labour and other forms of compelled service.

The State Department said that while the government had identified no cases where human trafficking victims had been deported from Ireland or had been deported in cases where they had committed unlawful acts there were concerns from NGOs that “unidentified victims may have been inadvertently deported or punished for crimes committed while under coercive control of their traffickers.”

OSCE discusses Ireland anti-trafficking efforts

OSCE discusses Ireland anti-trafficking efforts


 
 (OSCE).- The OSCE Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, Maria Grazia Giammarinaro met the Irish Justice and Equality Minister Alan Shatter, today at the start of a four-day visit to Ireland.

They discussed Ireland's recent experience in tackling modern-day slavery as well as relevant new legislation, a National Action Plan, and the establishment of complex institutional machinery, building on co-operation with non-governmental organizations and the private sector.

"Ireland has established good practices on many human rights issues, including anti-discrimination. This sets the context for even better results in anti-trafficking action which require that trafficked persons are recognized primarily as victims of a gross human rights violation, not expelled as irregular migrants or considered to be mere tools for investigation," said Giammarinaro.

"Ireland's human-rights based approach explains why the government's anti-trafficking policy, although recently initiated, has been dynamic and innovative. Trafficked persons are human beings and holders of rights first and foremost," Giammarinaro said.

The purpose of the Special Representative's visit is to support ongoing government efforts to combat human trafficking and to discuss how to enhance its policy, especially concerning the number of victims recognized as such and given assistance.

Giammarinaro will also meet other senior public officials, including the Executive Director of the Anti Human Trafficking Unit and the Head of the OSCE Chairmanship Taskforce as well as representatives from law enforcement, the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, the National Employment Rights Authority, the Health Service Executive, the Naturalisation and Immigration Service, the Irish Human Rights Commission, and the Ombudsman for Children. She will also meet parliamentarians, and representatives from NGOs, trade unions and academia. On 2 February she will give a public speech at the Institute of International and European Affairs in Dublin.

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Anti-trafficking campaign unveiled - The Irish Times - Tue, Jan 18, 2011

Minister for Justice Dermot Ahern with his counterpart NI David Ford. Photograph: Maxwells

 

irishtimes.com - Last Updated: Tuesday, January 18, 2011, 13:31

 

LUKE CASSIDY

A new cross-Border campaign to raise public awareness of human trafficking across Ireland was unveiled today.

The Blue Blindfold campaign, which will run until March 28th, urges the public to help police in fighting the crime.

Minister for Justice Dermot Ahern said human trafficking has “no place” in Ireland and appealed for people to act on any suspicions.

“There is no specific type of person who could be a victim of human trafficking - it could be your neighbour,” he said..

His Northern counterpart, David Ford, said although it is “difficult” to accept this form of modern day slavery is happening in Ireland, he hopes the campaign will help "to open our eyes to this heinous crime and that people realise it could be happening in their town”.

He added the public has an important role to play in the fight against human trafficking. “Human trafficking knows no borders, and it is important that we work together to highlight this crime,” Mr Ford said.

The campaign will see a series of ads placed in the  Metro Herald   newspaper, as well as posters and leaflets being available through libraries and health centres across the island.

People in the Republic can report suspicions of human trafficking anonymously to the Gardaí through Crimestoppers on 1800 250025 or email blueblindfold@garda.ie. Those in the North can contact Crimestoppers on 0800 555111 or through nidirect.co.uk.

Source:  irishtimes.com
Anti-trafficking campaign unveiled - The Irish Times - Tue, Jan 18, 2011

Moves being made to tackle human trafficking | Irish Examiner

Tuesday, January 4, 2011 Archives Pictures

Moves being made to tackle human trafficking

By Stephen Rogers

Tuesday, January 04, 2011

THE girls found in brothels in the Midlands were just 15.

They were forced to have sex with men out of fear that something terrible would happen to either themselves or their families.

They could not turn down a client. They had to be willing to supply sex on demand from 10am to 1am, seven days a week. If they missed a client they had to pay the fee to their pimps themselves under threat of violence.

Those responsible for trafficking these women were never brought to justice.

Instead, the Irish man who, along with his family, controlled these women would eventually be sentenced to seven years in prison for controlling prostitution and money laundering.

The case broke the long-held myth that Ireland was immune to human trafficking.

Although the case had been prosecuted in Britain, finally a cast iron example of women being forced to have sex for money against their will had reached the public domain.

Now — many would say very belatedly — Ireland is finally coming to terms with the fact that human trafficking is taking place here and it is beginning to take steps to address that. Moves are afoot to adopt the Swedish model on prostitution and human trafficking.

As far as the Swedish authorities are concerned all prostitution is human trafficking. With that as its mantra, it has gone on the offensive against traffickers and pimps, spending millions to ensure cast-iron cases lead to long prison sentences.

The effect has been dramatic.

Not only has the presence of prostitutes declined massively — street prostitution has halved — but so has the attitude of Swedish men to buying sex.

In 1996, 33% were in favour of criminalisation. In 2008 that had risen to 71%.

This story appeared in the printed version of the Irish Examiner Tuesday, January 04, 2011

Source: The Irish Examiner.com

Moves being made to tackle human trafficking | Irish Examiner

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How One Quilt Led to Domestic Workers' Rights for a Country | End Human Trafficking | Change.org

by Amanda Kloer November 20, 2010 06:00 AM (PT)

Can something as simple as a quilt be the first step in a national initiative to ensure rights for domestic workers? In Ireland, it can. What began as a community art project of current and former domestic workers has turned into a national movement to create and enforce laws protecting domestic workers from abuse and exploitation. The result is a pilot project that might make slavery and exploitation of domestic workers in Ireland as rare as the Reconciliation Quilt.

The Migrant Rights Centre Ireland (MRCI) has been working with migrant workers in the country since 2001. After hearing a growing number of horror stories of the abuses and difficulties faced by domestic workers in private homes, they created a support group for the women in the industry. At first, the goal of the project was to give domestic workers a safe space to reflect on and share their experiences. But it soon became clear that policies and laws protecting domestic workers in Ireland, like in many countries in the world, were in desperate need of a sprucing up.

So MRCI created Blurred Boundaries, a quilt and multi-media art installation made by domestic workers about their experiences — the good, the bad, and the slavery. The quilt contains panels about the abuses many migrant domestic workers suffer, the institutions which help them feel supported and empowered, and the policy structures that need to be in place to help workers maintain their freedom and safety. The project soon began to generate national discussion about domestic workers' rights in Ireland and highlighted extreme cases of abuse and slavery that occurred because national labor protections. For example, one worker sewed a panel with a picture of a woman standing under and umbrella in a rain storm. The woman was a domestic worker like her, the artist explained, the rain was exploitation, and the umbrella was the laws and policies that prevent the exploitation from falling on the domestic worker.

Now, thanks in part to MRCI and their innovative campaigns to put a megaphone to the voices of migrant domestic workers, Ireland is now implementing a pilot program, which — for the first time ever — will allow for inspections of working conditions in private homes. In Ireland, the National Employment Rights Authority (NERA) doesn't have the authority to enter a person’s home without their consent to check working conditions for a domestic worker. But the pilot program will give inspectors the right to interview both an employer and their employee outside the home and to demand access to documentation regarding wages and working hours. NERA will use the national database of employers to identify people employing domestic workers in the home. They will also respond directly to complaints made by domestic workers about members of the public.

The ability for an agency to monitor the conditions of domestic workers — and make sure unscrupulous employers know they can't get away with abusing or enslaving them — is a critical step in preventing trafficking into domestic servitude. And in Ireland, a national initiative to crack down on these violations was inspired by a community art project designed to make domestic workers' voices heard. It's a moment of social change that shows even something as simple as quilting — or listening — can be the first step in ending human trafficking across a whole industry, or even across a nation.

GOT A TIP FOR US? Is there a story or campaign in your area that we'd want to know about? E-mail us at humantraffickingtips@change.org

Photo credit: clairity

Amanda Kloer is a Change.org Editor and has been a full-time abolitionist in several capacities for seven years. Follow her on Twitter @endhumantraffic

How One Quilt Led to Domestic Workers' Rights for a Country | End Human Trafficking | Change.org

Source: End Human Trafficking

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African sex slaves forced to work in Irish brothels | GlobalPost

By Conor O'Clery - GlobalPost
Published: May 27, 2010 11:20 ET

In a scene from the film "Trafficked," Ruth Negga plays Taiwo, an African woman trafficked to Ireland. (Courtesy of New Decade TV & Film Ltd) Click to enlarge photo

DUBLIN, Ireland — A founder of the Irish Republic, Eamon de Valera, famously idealized Ireland 70 years ago as an innocent land of saints and scholars, whose villages were joyous with the laughter of happy maidens. If he came back today he would be shocked to find that a village in Ireland is just as likely to contain a brothel, populated by sex slaves from Africa.

Despite its isolation off the western edge of Europe, Ireland is now a destination for the trafficking of young women from Africa and eastern Europe to work as prostitutes.

Any illusions about the extent of the trafficking to Ireland were shattered by the exposure in a recent court case of the biggest vice ring in the country’s history. It involved a network of 48 brothels operating mostly outside the capital and making huge profits for the owners. The ring was discovered when police raided one establishment and found two young Nigerian women prepared to cooperate. Usually victims of trafficking are too frightened to seek help.

A new movie just released in Dublin called "Trafficked" also exposes the lives of these young women. It tells the story of Taiwo, an young African woman played by Ruth Negga, who escapes her kidnappers after being smuggled into Dublin Port. Without a passport or any English she ends up being exploited and corrupted in a brutal underworld of sex and drugs.

The film’s director, Ciaran O’Connor, told me that as a documentary filmmaker he has told the true story of the burgeoning sex industry in Ireland, but “I couldn't extract the back stories of the women or of the people who ran it.” He turned to drama to flesh out one fictional girl’s journey so as to offer an insight “into what some women consent to as they struggle to survive in this savage and unrelenting world.” Unfortunately, O'Connor added, most people in Ireland do not want to engage with or simply recognize trafficking as part of modern Irish society.

But the business of buying and selling women is flourishing in this country, according to Sara Benson, CEO of Ruhama, a Dublin-based organization that works with sexually-exploited women. She told the audience at the movie premier that Ruhama, Hebrew for "renewed life," has come across eight women in the last month who have been trafficked into Ireland. Some 100 of the 431 women helped by Ruhama during 2007 and 2008 were victims of traffickers and most were from Nigeria.

“What you will see in the film is happening right now in our cities, towns and small villages in our own country,” she said. “Nothing will change as long as long as there are people willing to trample on the victims’ human rights.”



African sex slaves forced to work in Irish brothels | GlobalPost

Life inside an Irish brothel - The Irish Times - Mon, May 10, 2010

The Irish Times - Monday, May 10, 2010

PROSTITUTION IN IRELAND: PART TWO In the second of a two-part series, Crime Correspondent CONOR LALLY looks at the dangerous, brutal and tragic lives of women who worked in the many brothels run by TJ Carroll

IN FEBRUARY 2010, TJ Carroll was convicted of running one of the largest vice rings in the history of the State. From a small house in south Wales, Carroll, with help from his wife and daughter, managed a network of 48 brothels throughout Ireland.

However, because they pleaded guilty to various charges, the full details of how Carroll and his associates built and ran the business were not revealed in evidence in court. A number of sources and those close to the investigation have spoken to The Irish Times about the full extent of Carroll’s prostitution business.

When one of the brothels run by TJ Carroll was raided in December 2007, the detectives involved were taken aback at what they found. Usually, police are stonewalled by women and prostitution organisers in such operations; in this case, officers found two Nigerian women who immediately took up an offer to be taken to a place of safety.

They gave detailed statements about how they were trafficked from Africa by gangs there and sexually exploited in Ireland by the 49-year-old Carlow man’s operation. “It was the sense of fear that existed of being beaten, even killed, that told us what was going on was very, very serious,” says one senior detective.

The evidence the two women supplied, and testimony from 10 others throughout the Republic and North that the Garda’s Organised Crime Unit, the PSNI’s Organised Crime Bureau and the UK’s Serious Organised Crime Agency encountered, was vital in building the case against TJ Carroll.

Along with his second wife, Shamiela Clark (now 32), he was arrested in December 2008 in Wales, and is now in prison in the UK for controlling prostitution and money laundering.

This is thought to have been Ireland’s biggest ever vice empire. One of the women’s statements outlined how a witch doctor was used to control her before she even left Africa with her traffickers, to whom she knew she would be financially indebted for her passage.

“They took me to a witch doctor and I have to swear an oath that I will pay the money or I am going to die . . . After swearing the oath they cut the heart of a live chicken. They gave me the chest to eat. They made me take off my clothes in a burial ground. Then I had to swear I would not run away and not go to the police.

“The witch doctor then cut my chest, my waist, my legs, my two thumbs and my head. I was very scared because . . . I believed them.”

Another girl was aged just 15 when she was brought to Ireland from Africa. She spoke of her continued fear of the voodoo-based “oath” she had pledged to her traffickers.

“I thought I was coming for school,” she said of her passage from Africa to Ireland. “I did not know anyone in Ireland to ask for help. I was very scared. Since I left the agency, I still live in fear. I don’t sleep at night. I’m afraid if I close my eyes I won’t wake up. I’m afraid that I have broken the oath. My family have been threatened because I am slow at paying the [traffickers’] money.”

The account of a third woman suggests a life of misery in Africa, one she hoped to escape by being trafficked to Europe.

“I was eight years old when my father started to abuse me. By the time I was 20, I had three abortions. I overheard my father on the phone one day say it was about time he sacrifice me to the cult. A friend told me she knew of a woman who comes from Europe who could help me.”

The organisation was run by TJ Carroll, a former security firm owner, and his second wife Shamiela Clark, a former prostitute from South Africa. At its height in 2007, the business generated profits of more than €1 million.

Some of the women working for Carroll were experienced prostitutes who had worked in other countries and came to Ireland, mostly from South America and eastern Europe, for what they believed would be significant earnings.

Other younger and more vulnerable women were trafficked from Africa to Ireland via other major European cities.

At this stage, the women were told they would have to work in prostitution as a means of paying off their debts to their African traffickers; €60,000 was demanded by the traffickers in some cases. Most of the women spoke little English, had no money, no idea where they were, and had no place to go to. They were placed in brothels where they lived and saw clients. Foreign women were chosen because they had no support networks in Ireland. Their services were advertised by TJ Carroll and Clark on escort websites.

When customers in Ireland rang one of up to 80 mobile numbers on the websites, they would be connected to a call centre and directed by phone to the nearest brothel. The call centre was run from an old vicarage in the tiny hamlet of Castlemartin in Pembrokeshire, Wales, where Carroll and Clark lived after leaving the Republic in late 2006 to avoid increasing Garda attention.

According to security sources in the Republic and the UK, the women faced a brutal regime in Ireland. They worked 15-hour shifts from 10am to 1am, during which time they were not allowed to turn away any clients.

The men paid €160 for a half hour, €260 for an hour, and “extras” could be negotiated. Brothels were mostly located in apartments rented for short periods under false names by Carroll’s people, using bogus stories and fake references.

Some of the youngest and most vulnerable Nigerians were forced to give all of their earnings to Carroll’s associates in Ireland. “They survived on tips from punters or on whatever ‘extras’ they could perform without Carroll’s people knowing,” says one security source.

Making money from “extras” was made difficult by Shamiela Clark’s micro management. Women would be informed by text when a customer was on the way. They would be told to text Clark when they arrived and immediately when they left. If the women ever left the brothels to go to nearby shops they were often accompanied by a minder, or engaged in near constant telephone contact with Clark from Wales.

“They were never held against their will in the sense of being locked in rooms, but they had no freedom at all,” is how one source described it.

Security sources on both sides of the Border say Carroll’s associates would beat women for anything short of full compliance with “brothel rules”.

According to one source: “It was a regime of oppression designed to keep women under total control so Carroll could make as much money off them as possible.”

Life inside an Irish brothel - The Irish Times - Mon, May 10, 2010

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Carroll case is no exception in Ireland - The Irish Times - Mon, May 10, 2010

The Irish Times - Monday, May 10, 2010

THE STATE’S leading group assisting women involved in prostitution says that while the details of the oppression and violence inflicted by TJ Carroll and his associates are shocking, they are far from uncommon.

Ruhama, a Dublin-based voluntary organisation, says many international and Irish-organised gangs are now conspiring to traffic women into Ireland for sexual exploitation at a time when prosecutions for trafficking are non-existent.

The group’s spokesperson Gerardine Rowley said the key control mechanisms used by TJ Carroll’s gang and those he worked with – debt bondage, voodoo rituals and threats of violence – are often experienced by African women trafficked to Ireland.

“Some are also undocumented and they are afraid to go to the gardaí,” Rowley says of the victims. “In many cases they come from countries where the authorities like police forces are corrupt so they don’t think of going to the police.

“But really they’re trapped in their minds from fear and intimidation. They are so oppressed they’re not able to get away themselves and ask for help.”

The TJ Carroll case underlined not only the extent of sexual exploitation in Ireland, but also how sophisticated and lucrative it has become. Rowley says Ruhama assisted the women identified as having been trafficked into Carroll’s empire, six of whom are still in Ireland and have various immigration statuses.

“We saw the human face of these crimes. We saw the impact it had on the women and children, because two of the victims we saw were minors. It’s a wake-up call not only in terms of prioritising policing but also in terms of prioritising services to support victims of these crimes.”

Ruhama initially had “great hopes” for the Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) Act. But two years after its enactment, while charges for brothel-keeping and controlling prostitution are regularly before the courts, no trafficking cases have progressed.

“Without total enforcement of the legislation we’re not going to have a deterrent and we’re still going to be an attractive place for criminals to exploit women in the sex trade and make huge amounts of money, which cases like the Carroll case are showing,” adds Rowley

Even operations much smaller than the network built up by TJ Carroll can be extremely lucrative.

Last week the High Court heard evidence from Det Garda Lucy Myles, of the Criminal Assets Bureau, that a Chinese woman being targeted by the bureau had made more than €1 million in recent years through running one “massage parlour” on Thomas Street in Dublin’s south inner city.

Det Garda Myles said Junxiu Hua, a convicted brothel keeper, held a number of bank accounts in different financial institutions here, and between November 2004 and April 2008 a total of €1,251,834.65 passed through them.

Gerardine Rowley says such cases, where key figures are in control of women and are becoming rich, are now the norm.

Women are operating from brothels in apartments and houses across the country. The majority are controlled in some way by Irish or foreign third parties, either by traditional pimp-style figures taking some of their earnings or by others charging grossly inflated fees to rent the properties being used as brothels, or for advertising space on websites known to advertise sexual services.

Rowley is calling for more proactive policing of Ireland’s prostitution trade and for regular raids on known brothels and other locations linked to all forms of sexual exploitation.

In its biennial report for 2007-2008, Ruhama revealed that 100 of the 431 women it helped during the two-year period were victims of trafficking, the majority from Nigeria. Six of those were aged under 18 years when they were brought to Ireland and forced to have sex with men.

Carroll case is no exception in Ireland - The Irish Times - Mon, May 10, 2010

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